Electrical measuring instrument



Feb. 14, 1928. 1,658,902

R. T. PIERCE ELECTRI CAL MEASURI NG INSTRUMENT Filed March 24, 1924 WITNESSES: INVENTOR v Raymgyd T Pierce.

7 ATTdRNEY Patented Feb. 14,

PATENT OFFICEQ' RAYMOND T. 1IERCE,0E EAST PITTSBiFlRG-H, EEI TNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'lO WEST- merrusn ELECTRIC ,SYLVANIA.

amennracrnnrrre ceiMPAnY, A CORPORATION onnnnn- ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT Application filed Marclr24, 1924. Serial No. 70l.,285

My invention relates to electrical measuring instruments and particularly to instrm ments'oi the indicating or deflecting type.

One objectofmy invention is to provide an instrument, of the above indicated character, inwhich a simple metal vane or element shall be actuated by magnetic fluxin accordance with the product of quantities of a circuit. r

Another object of my lHVGDtlOllglS to provide an indicating watt-meter or similar instrument that shall be simple and d rable "in construction, economicalto manufacture and effective in its operation. A further object of my' provide an instrument thatshall' comprise parts of such construction and relation :as

to permit the instrument to indicate, any

one of several different quantities.

Heretofore, in deflecting instruments,

such as watt-meters, for indicating the,

product of instantaneous values of differ ent quantities of electric circuits, it has been usual to employ co-operating stationill) ary and movable coils. Defiectingimcters oi' the movingvane type have been extensively employed to measure single quantities, such as volts and amperes.

A moving-vane power-factor meter has also been suggested but this instrument does notv measure-the product of twoquantities, as in certain instruments of the moving-coil type.

i In practicing my invention, I provide an instruinent'of the deflecting type, in which polarizing and actuating coils are so constructed and related to a simple metal element that'the element may readily be actuated in accordance with the product of different quantities of a circuit, such as the components'of watts, reactive watts and volt-amperes, withoutchange in the form of the instrument. 'By changing the size of the conductor, number of turns andconnections of the coils, instruments that are other- Wise exactly like product measuring' instruments may be constructed to operate as voltmeters and ammeters. J V

The single figure of the accompanying drawing is a perspective View of a'portion of an instrument constructed in accordance with my invention.

invention is to V above mentioned, depends solely upon connections and circuits that are-well known in the art, but for purposes of illustration Ishow how the instrument may be connected; to measure the power traversing a circuit. d The instrument comprises,- in general, an elongated supporting element 'or shaft 1, a magnetizable vane or metal element 2, a pair of polarizing coils 3 and a pair of actuating coils 4. a

The element 1, which may be aifl exible element, as in a ga1vanometer,,or a shaft, as shown, supports the metalelement orrvane 2 at an intermediate position lthereonv and is adapted to supportan index or pointer 7 that may be provided'with a suitably calibrated scale 8. v a

The vane 2 is preferably constructed of thin sheet or strap iron having an intermediate portion 5 at right angles to the shaft- 1 and oblique end portions 6, each of-which slopes outwardly and longitudinally toward one of the polarizing coils 3.

The coils 3 are disposed in parallel-plane relationto'each other surroundingthe shaft 1 on opposite sides otthe vane 2.

.1 The actuating coils at aresimilarly. disposed in parallehplane relation to each other andto the longitudinal axis of :the shaft 1 at right anglesto the planes of the rent in the coils 3. Current in the coils t I creates a magnetic-flux field at right to the polarizing field. 1

Consequently, with all of the coils8 and/l energized, the vane 2, which is operated below saturation,'will move in either direction about its axis to a position of balance angles between the two fields, depending upon the v strengths of the currents in the coils 3 and 4. If the coils 3 are connected in shunt to a series with the circuit 9, the above described position of balance will be in accordance circuit- 9 and the coils 4 are connected in.

With the Watts of the circuit. This position will shift with each change in the current and the voltage of the circuit Similarly, if the coils 3 are connected to be energized in accordance with the amperes in constant phase relation to the volts, while the coils are connected to be energized in accordance with the volts, the vane 2 will be actuated to indicate the instantaneous values of the volt-amperes out the circuit.

Energizing both sets of the coils 3 and t at the same time, in accordance with volts or amperes,renders the instrument a voltmeter or an annneter as the case may be.

Thus, an extremely sensitive instrument comprising an unbiased simple metal vane may be constructed in one form to indicate the values of any one 01 dill'erent quantities,

or the products of different pairs of quantiies of a circuit. Further, the instrument has a scale'deflection o't almost 180, which is greater than the deflection of the usual indicating instruments and a very desirable feature.

TVhile I have shown and described a particular form of my invention, changes may be eliieeted therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: 7

1. An instrument comprising an elongated supporting elei'nent, a magnetizable member thereon, polarizing coils for said member surroundin the axis of said element at opposite sides thereof, said member having a portion projecting toward each of said coils, and a pair of actuating coils for said mem her having magnetic axes right-angularly related to the axis of said element.

2. An instrument comprising a magnetizable member movable about an axis, polarizing coils rtor said member :nirronnding said axis at opposite sides of said member and having magnetic axes sn iistantially parallel tosaid axis, said member having a portion projecting toward each of said coils, and a pair oi actuating coils tor said men'iber having magnetic axes between saidpolarizing coils at substantially right angles to the axis o'l said element.

3. An instrun'ient comprising a movable innignctizable element, a pair of coils for polarizing the element disposed at opposite sides thereof 111 parallelism to the plane of ,u'ioveinent thereof, said element having a portion midway between said coils and diametrally opposite pole-end portions projecting longitudinally in opposite directions toward said coils, and a pair of coils for actuating the element disposed at opposite sides of the eleinentin Jarallcl-pIan-e relation to each other and at right angles to said polarizing coils.

at. An instrument comprising a movable magnetizable element, a pair of coils for polarizing the element disposed at opposite sides thereof in parallelism to the plane of movement thereof, said element having a transverse portion midway between said coils and diametrally opposite pole-end portions projecting diagonally in opposite directions toward said coils, and a pair of coils for actuating the element disposed at opposite sides of the element in parallel-plane relation to each other and at right angles to said polarizing coils.

An instrument comprising an elongated supporting element, a magnetizalole member thereon, a plurality ot polarizing coils for the magnetizable member surrounding the axis of the supporting element in longitudinally spaced relation to said member, said member having portions projecting toward said polarizing coils and an actuating coil for the magnetizable member having its magnetic axis angularly related to said axis.

6. An instrument comprising a magnetiz able member movable about an axis, polarizing coils for said member surrounding said axis at opposite sides of said member and having magnetic axes substantially co incident with said axis, said. member having a portion projecting toward each of said coils, and a pair of actuating coils for said member having magnetic axes between said polarizing coils at substantially right angles to the axis of said element.

7. An instrument comprising an elongated supporting element, a magnetiza-ble member thereon, polarizing coils :t'or said member surrounding the axis (it said elen'ient at opposite sides thereid. said member having a portion projecting there from toward .ach of said coils, and a pair o't actuating coils to;- said member having magnetic axes angularly related to the axis of said element.

In testimony whereof, I have lurrennto subscribed my name this 10th day of March,

RAYMOND T. PIERCE- 

